Editing Hydromanagement in Ancient India (section)

=== '''Geo-Climatic Profile of India''' ===
Elevated parts in northern India, including the Himalayas, get persistent winter snowfall and have climates that range from moderate to alpine. The Himalayan Mountains and the Thar Desert have significant effects on the country's climate. A bulk of the Indian subcontinent stays warmer than most countries at comparable latitudes because the Himalayas act as a barrier to the frigid katabatic winds pouring down from Central Asia. Therefore, the northern parts of the country experience a continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters. As a contrary, the coastal areas of the country are reliably warm and receive heavy rains year round. Typically located where the temperature is high or warm, the Western Ghats, southern Assam, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Lakshadweep Islands all have a tropical wet monsoon climate. Between May and November, these areas average 2,000 millimeter’s of precipitation per year.

The climate in northern and northeastern India is predominantly subtropical. The climate of these regions is characterized by extremely high temperatures during the summer and extremely low temperatures during the winter. Extra precipitation typically occurs in these areas during the winter months.

From January through July, the country experiences a seasonal wind reversal and the second of two wet seasons. Dry, chilly air dominates the winter sky over the Indian subcontinent, blowing in from the northern latitudes and sweeping northeastward. The summer or south-west monsoon is a reversal of winds across the region caused by the severe summer heat warming the northern Indian subcontinent and luring moist breezes over the oceans.

Seventy-five percent of India's yearly precipitation occurs during these four months, making this the single most influential component in the country's climate (June to September). Variability in the onset, duration, and amount of rainfall throughout the monsoon season has significant effects on the country's water supplies, power generation, agriculture, economy, and ecosystems. It's possible that there is no other area of comparable size in the globe with as much climatic diversity. Precipitation amounts can vary widely from one region to another. While Western Rajasthan often receives less than 13 centimeter’s of rain per year, Mawsyram Meghalaya can get as much as 1,141 centimeter’s. The varying climate regimes, from humid in the northeast to dry in the southwest, are roughly reflected in the rainfall pattern (Attri and Tyagi, 2010)<sup>3</sup>.  It is also important to briefly describe the hydrogeological formations, in addition to rainfall, that influence the depth of the aquifer. The alluvial deposits that cover river basins, coastal, and deltaic tracts are the largest and most important ground water reserves for widespread construction. The Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra basin has the potential to tap into vast quantities of fresh ground water thanks to its favorable hydrogeological setting and ground water regime conditions. These ground water reservoirs are constantly being refilled despite previous heavy use because they are located in areas with abundant rainfall and are covered by a thick layer of permeable sediments (Saha, Dipankar & Shekhar, Shashank & Khan, Shakir &Vittala, S S& Raju, Nandimandalam, 2016)<sup>26</sup>. Thus, it can be claimed that no single system can be employed for water management in a country like India, with continental proportions; rather, a number of ingenious techniques and systems have been adapted over thousands of years based on local demands.