Editing Hydromanagement in Ancient India (section)

=== '''Introduction''' ===
Since the inception of civilization in India, water has played a crucial role in the daily lives of people who have resided there. In Rigvedic hymns, water is also revered as Varun dev, while the Saraswati River, one of the most significant water supplies for the Harappan civilization, was revered as a goddess. Not only Saraswati, but every spring of water, regardless of its size, was imbued with religious and spiritual significance. However, the significance of water was not limited to intangible spiritual qualities alone; it was also reflected in common people’s usage of practical water management techniques. Whether it was the enormous subterranean water reservoirs of Dholavira or the ring wells of Hastinapur, successive generations inherited the Indian hydro management system. The expertise of water management was passed down through generations not just in developed metropolitan regions but also in rural communities that were responsible for the maintenance of natural and manmade waterbodies. Regardless of terrain, Indians were able to adapt and create in accordance with varying climatic and geographical conditions, which was necessary for the sustenance of both settlement life and the natural environment. Ancient India, like other ancient civilizations throughout the world, developed hydrologic science due to the need to control water. Until recently, however, the majority of ancient hydrological knowledge was kept secret and unknown to the general public. This research will give insight into ancient India’s hydrological, hydraulic, and related technological understanding, as described in current literature and recent expeditions and discoveries. The Vedas, in particular the Rigveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda, include numerous references to the water cycle and related processes, such as water quality, hydraulic machines and other structures, and nature-based solutions (NBS) for water management. The Harappan Civilization demonstrates the degree of water science development in ancient India, which included the construction of sophisticated hydraulic structures, wastewater disposal systems based on central and decentralized principles, and wastewater treatment techniques. The Mauryan empire (322 BCE–185 BCE) is recognized as the first hydraulic civilization,  as evidenced by the construction of dams with spillways, reservoirs, and channels with spillways; an understanding of water balance; the development of water pricing systems; rainfall measurement; and knowledge of various hydrological processes. As we delve deeper into hydrologic references in ancient literature and archaeological sites, several intriguing facets of the Indians’ early scientific endeavors become apparent.