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The Mandapika Shrines of Morena

2026-10-16T07:10:57Z

Sarika: 1 revision imported

The ancient Hindu temples of Morena do not date back to any one era. One can find temples from the earliest period of Hindu temple architecture in Morena till the 14th century—that is a period spanning around seven centuries.

It shows that Morena had a deep seated tradition of temple building which sustained over centuries, despite many odds. The seventh century mandapika shrines of Paroli and Indra ki Khiravali show that even in the earliest times, Morena was a great centre of temple architecture.

During the medieval ages, much of north India was laid to waste by Islamic invaders. The Hindu temple was the first casualty whenever an Islamic army attacked. Many ancient temples of Morena survived due to their remote location and due to the fact that no Islamic king could rule long enough to sponsor repeated waves of destruction.

==== Islamic Attacks against the Hindu Temple as an Institution ====
This did not mean that the attacks did not affect the institution of the Hindu temple at all. Hindus, like most other deity worshippers did not worship a desecrated murti. Therefore, the first focus of all Islamic attackers was to deface the idols by chipping away a nose, a leg, or a hand. More comprehensive destruction happened in cases where the Islamic rulers stayed for longer durations. Also, in those days, there was no dynamite to blow up the entire place up in a single shot. In most of the raids in or around Morena, disfiguring and desecrating were the only things the invaders could do.

As a result, even those temples that did survive in most of India were desecrated and hence were abandoned by Hindu worshippers. This is also the reason that most Hindu pilgrimages that survive in modern times do not have ancient buildings. They are comparatively very recent structures, some not older than a hundred years.

This accounts for the dichotomy in Hindu temples in India. The really beautiful and ancient temples are not in worship anymore. They are abandoned, lying in ruins in jungles and obscure places, off the beaten path. The temples that are famous and working are all virtually new.

==== Nature of an Islamic Invasion ====
Morena also witnessed this Islamic wave of destruction, desecration and defacing of its murtis and statues. Hence, most of these temples were abandoned by the Hindus over time.

The second reason for abandoning these temples was that they were the primary focus for any Islamic invader. When Muslim invaders attacked, they not only defaced the temples but also destroyed the villages nearby, massacred the Brahmins in the temples, and slaughtered cows inside the garbha-griha. Living near a great temple was as risky as living near a radioactive area would be now. People fled the temples in order to save themselves.

There was another reason for abandoning these temples. Hindus valued art greatly. Religious architecture in the form of the Hindu temple was an idea which not just the rulers of the country, but the populations cherished too.

Even while there was great risk in living near a great temple, many people, communities and entire villages chose to risk their lives in order to serve and save the temple. Many of these temples took decades to build. They were so alive in the memory of the local people that they could not imagine their lives without it. They looked at them not just with reverence, but with love. They cherished them as one would their child as they built it with great effort and resources.

One reason that they abandoned these temples was to save them from utter destruction. Many great temple sites were abandoned and hidden in jungles, under forest cover.

Some were covered by limestone like many Jain temples in Madhya Pradesh, including Muktagiri and the Great Kailash temple at Ellora, which used to be the original Ghrishneshwar.

In short, Hindus intentionally abandoned these sites in order to save them from total destruction. They intentionally forgot the very location of many of these sites, so that they became absolutely unapproachable for anyone, except some stray traveller.

==== Abandoned Temples of Morena ====
In Morena, one clue that this happened can be gleaned from the fact that even the local people of the region do not know these ancient temples as temples, or as ‘mandir’, the Hindi world for temple.

In case of the mandapika shrines of Paroli, Morena, they are known by the names of ‘gadhis’, or the place where something is sculpted into the stone. They generally have a bad name as it is believed that going to these places brings back luck. Some say that because they host erotic sculpture, families should not go there.

It is possible that this trend started to save these temples from destruction and later on revive them.

Many Jain temples have been revived in the modern age, during the British era and even after independence when the immediate danger of Islamic destruction waned. Khajuraho was also intentionally hidden, and despite being such a huge site, missed the eye of the Islamic invader.

==== Mandapika Shrines at Morena ====
This maybe the reason that the mandapika shrines at Paroli and Indra ki Khiravali survived.

Mandapika shrines are one of the earliest Hindu temples, some predating the Gupta temples, such as the famous one at Deogarh, with the first shikhara.

However, they even existed when the shikhara had been invented. The mandapika shrines are a common feature of Central India and persisted well into the early Kachhapaghata period in the late 10th century.

Michael Meister describes a mandapika shrine as: “a pillared pavilion, the space between pillars filled by decorated slabs of stone.”[1]

A mandapika was the most rudimentary of Hindu temples. It was a simple pillared porch which was covered on three sides by carved stone slabs. As they were the first of the temples, there was no shikhara to top them.<blockquote>“…the initial conception, at least, is that of a simple pavilion with a flat vedi platform superstructure and not a tower. This group is typified, however, not by its superstructure but by its wall structure and mode of construction – and since the type persists in Central India as late as the early Kachhapaghata period (10th century) it is not surprising to see the nagara shikhara at times imposed upon it.” [Michael Meister, Construction and Conception: Mandapika Shrines of Central India]</blockquote>Paroli has four such shrines, two of them purportedly Vishnu temples. All of them are in a very dilapidated condition. Of one temple, only the doorjamb survives. The other three also just barely survive, with only two walls intact.

Like other typical mandapika shrines, the shrines at Paroli are square in plan. The porch, or the small mandapa, is two-pillared. The bhitti, or the base is square in plan. The pillars of the wall stand on a broad stone slab. These pillars support plain lintels which form a simple roof.

The bhadra projections between the pillars have both tall and short niches which have figures of deities carved in them, sometimes in high relief, but mostly in medium and low relief.

Only the doorjamb of Temple No. 4 at Paroli survives, but the doorjamb is monumental. Its pillars have three tiers of figures of deities, and Ganga and Yamuna, along with her companions greet the devotee on left and right door jambs.

Another mandapika shrine is in the small village of Indra ki Khiravali. It is right by the side of the road. Its entrance is now blocked by thick bushes. However, one can see the three sides which have relatively survived intact, though the individual sculptures have been defaced by devout Muslims.

It is also based on a square plan and simple vedi roof with pillared porch and stone slabs in between, projecting with the bhadra niches full of Hindu deities. One can see Uma-Maheshwara in one of the bhadra niches.

There are more such temples in Suhania, Varahavali and Bhensora in the Morena district. However most of them are almost completely dilapidated. Others are so completely renovated that finding out much about their original plan and structure is hard.

The mandapika shrines of Morena prove that Hindu temples were introduced to Morena and the Chambal region from the earliest of times. The temples were small in scale and rudimentary in ground plan and structure. However, even 1400 years ago, the art of sculpture was extremely refined. The statues are creatively imagined and perfectly executed.

This shows that the Hindu temple did not just appear out of nowhere in the 4th or 5th century C.E. as claimed by some art historians. The philosophy behind Hindu architecture and sculpture was well in place even before the actual structural temples were started to be made. The aesthetic quality of the early shrines of Morena appear to support this claim.

==== NOTES AND REFERENCES ====
[1] Meister, Michael. “Construction and Conception: Mandapika Shrines of Central India” East and West. (New Series, Vol 26 – Nos. 3-4, September-December 1976).

Authored by Pankaj Saxena.
Published by IndicaToday.[[Category:Art and Culture]]

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2026-08-04T06:32:24Z

Sarika:

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2026-07-31T10:39:37Z

Sarika:

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2026-07-31T10:38:27Z

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2026-07-31T10:34:23Z

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border: 1px solid #c8b18d !important;
background: var(--pravaha-cream-dark) !important;
color: var(--pravaha-brown) !important;
}

.wikitable td,
.infobox td {
border: 1px solid #d7c6aa !important;
background: #fff !important;
color: #202122 !important;
}

.wikitable tr:hover td {
background: #fffaf2 !important;
}

/* =========================================================
TABLE OF CONTENTS
========================================================= */

.toc,
#toc,
.vector-toc {
border: 1px solid var(--pravaha-border) !important;
border-radius: 0 !important;
background: #fff8eb !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
}

.toc .toctitle,
#toc .toctitle,
.vector-toc .vector-toc-header {
color: var(--pravaha-brown) !important;
}

.toc a,
#toc a,
.vector-toc a {
color: #874900 !important;
}

.toc a:hover,
#toc a:hover,
.vector-toc a:hover {
color: var(--pravaha-header-dark) !important;
text-decoration: underline !important;
}

/* =========================================================
NOTICES, MESSAGES AND CATEGORIES
========================================================= */

.catlinks {
border: 1px solid var(--pravaha-border) !important;
background: #fff8eb !important;
color: #202122 !important;
}

.mw-message-box {
border-color: var(--pravaha-border) !important;
background: #fff8eb !important;
color: #202122 !important;
}

.mw-message-box-warning {
border-left: 4px solid var(--pravaha-amber) !important;
background: #fff5df !important;
}

.mw-message-box-error {
border-left: 4px solid #b32424 !important;
background: #fff0f0 !important;
}

.mw-message-box-success {
border-left: 4px solid #14866d !important;
background: #effaf6 !important;
}

/* =========================================================
BLOCKQUOTES AND CODE
========================================================= */

blockquote {
margin-left: 1em !important;
padding: 0.6em 1em !important;
border-left: 4px solid var(--pravaha-amber) !important;
background: #fff8eb !important;
color: #3d3022 !important;
}

code,
pre,
.mw-code {
border-color: #d7c6aa !important;
background: #fff8eb !important;
color: #3d3022 !important;
}

/* =========================================================
CLASSIC WIKI COLLAPSIBLE SECTIONS
========================================================= */

.pravaha-collapse {
clear: both !important;
margin: 0.6em 0 !important;
overflow: hidden !important;
border: 1px solid var(--pravaha-border) !important;
border-radius: 4px !important;
background: var(--pravaha-cream-light) !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
box-sizing: border-box !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-title {
display: flex !important;
min-height: 0 !important;
padding: 0.45em 0.7em !important;
align-items: center !important;
gap: 0 !important;
background: var(--pravaha-cream-dark) !important;
color: var(--pravaha-brown) !important;
font-family: sans-serif !important;
font-size: 14px !important;
font-weight: bold !important;
line-height: 1.6 !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open,
.pravaha-collapse-close {
order: 2 !important;
flex: none !important;
width: auto !important;
height: auto !important;
margin: 0 0 0 auto !important;
padding: 0 0 0 1em !important;
border: 0 !important;
border-radius: 0 !important;
background: transparent !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
color: #9a4d00 !important;
font-size: 0 !important;
font-weight: normal !important;
line-height: inherit !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open {
display: inline-block !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-close {
display: none !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open a,
.pravaha-collapse-close a {
display: inline !important;
width: auto !important;
height: auto !important;
margin: 0 !important;
padding: 0 !important;
border: 0 !important;
background: transparent !important;
color: #9a4d00 !important;
font-size: 0 !important;
font-weight: normal !important;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open a::after {
content: "[expand]";
font-size: 12px !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-close a::after {
content: "[collapse]";
font-size: 12px !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open a:hover::after,
.pravaha-collapse-close a:hover::after {
color: var(--pravaha-brown-dark) !important;
text-decoration: underline !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-content {
display: none !important;
padding: 0.75em !important;
border-top: 1px solid var(--pravaha-border) !important;
background: #fff !important;
color: #202122 !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-content {
display: block !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-open {
display: none !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-close {
display: inline-block !important;
}

/* =========================================================
WORD COUNT AND READING TIME
========================================================= */

.mw-parser-output > table[style*="float:right"][style*="width:300px"] {
float: right !important;
clear: right !important;
width: 300px !important;
max-width: 100% !important;
margin: 0 0 1em 1em !important;
border: 1px solid var(--pravaha-border) !important;
border-collapse: collapse !important;
border-spacing: 0 !important;
border-radius: 4px !important;
background: var(--pravaha-cream-light) !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
font-family: sans-serif !important;
}

.mw-parser-output > table[style*="float:right"][style*="width:300px"] td {
width: 50% !important;
padding: 0.55em 0.75em !important;
border: 0 !important;
border-radius: 0 !important;
background: var(--pravaha-cream-light) !important;
color: #202122 !important;
font-size: 12px !important;
text-align: center !important;
}

.mw-parser-output > table[style*="float:right"][style*="width:300px"] td + td {
border-left: 1px solid var(--pravaha-border) !important;
}

.mw-parser-output > table[style*="float:right"][style*="width:300px"] td b {
color: var(--pravaha-brown) !important;
font-size: 11px !important;
font-weight: normal !important;
text-transform: uppercase !important;
}

.mw-parser-output > table[style*="float:right"][style*="width:300px"] td span {
color: var(--pravaha-brown-dark) !important;
font-size: 15px !important;
font-weight: bold !important;
}

/* =========================================================
MOBILE
========================================================= */

@media screen and (max-width: 720px) {
.mw-body {
border-left: 0 !important;
border-right: 0 !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-title {
padding: 0.45em 0.55em !important;
}

.mw-parser-output > table[style*="float:right"][style*="width:300px"] {
float: none !important;
clear: both !important;
width: 100% !important;
margin: 0 0 1em !important;
}
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-07-31T10:25:27Z

Sarika:

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-07-31T10:17:21Z

Sarika:

/* Original MediaWiki-style collapsible box */
.pravaha-collapse {
clear: both !important;
margin: 0.5em 0 !important;
overflow: hidden !important;
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1 !important;
border-radius: 0 !important;
background: #f8f9fa !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-title {
display: flex !important;
min-height: 0 !important;
padding: 0.35em 0.6em !important;
align-items: center !important;
gap: 0 !important;
color: #202122 !important;
font-family: sans-serif !important;
font-size: 14px !important;
font-weight: bold !important;
line-height: 1.6 !important;
}

/* Put expand/collapse link on the right */
.pravaha-collapse-open,
.pravaha-collapse-close {
order: 2 !important;
flex: none !important;
width: auto !important;
height: auto !important;
margin: 0 0 0 auto !important;
padding: 0 0 0 1em !important;
border: 0 !important;
border-radius: 0 !important;
background: transparent !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
color: #36c !important;
font-size: 0 !important;
font-weight: normal !important;
line-height: inherit !important;
text-align: right !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open {
display: inline-block !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-close {
display: none !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open a,
.pravaha-collapse-close a {
display: inline !important;
width: auto !important;
height: auto !important;
margin: 0 !important;
padding: 0 !important;
border: 0 !important;
background: transparent !important;
color: #36c !important;
font-size: 0 !important;
font-weight: normal !important;
line-height: inherit !important;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open a::after {
content: "[expand]";
font-size: 12px;
}

.pravaha-collapse-close a::after {
content: "[collapse]";
font-size: 12px;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open a:hover::after,
.pravaha-collapse-close a:hover::after {
text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Collapsible content */
.pravaha-collapse-content {
display: none !important;
padding: 0.6em 0.8em !important;
border-top: 1px solid #a2a9b1 !important;
background: #fff !important;
color: #202122 !important;
}

/* Expanded state */
.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-content {
display: block !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-open {
display: none !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-close {
display: inline-block !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-07-22T12:10:28Z

Sarika:

/* OJS/Pandoc expandable sections. Works without MediaWiki JavaScript. */

/* Hide MediaWiki's inline "edit / edit source" links beside section headings. */
.mw-editsection {
display: none !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse {
clear: both;
margin: 12px 0;
overflow: hidden;
border: 1px solid #e2b76f;
border-radius: 8px;
background: #fffaf2;
box-shadow: 0 2px 7px rgba(91, 48, 0, 0.08);
}

.pravaha-collapse-title {
display: flex;
min-height: 28px;
padding: 12px 16px;
align-items: center;
gap: 10px;
color: #7b4300;
font-size: 1.05rem;
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 28px;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open,
.pravaha-collapse-close {
flex: 0 0 28px;
width: 28px;
height: 28px;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
box-sizing: border-box;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #35b8ef;
color: #073b55 !important;
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: 800;
line-height: 28px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none !important;
cursor: pointer;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open {
display: inline-flex;
}

.pravaha-collapse-close {
display: none;
}

.pravaha-collapse-content {
display: none;
padding: 4px 16px 16px;
border-top: 1px solid #efd7ad;
background: #fffdf9;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-content {
display: block;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-open {
display: none;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-close {
display: inline-flex;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open:hover,
.pravaha-collapse-open:focus,
.pravaha-collapse-close:hover,
.pravaha-collapse-close:focus {
background: #1aa9e6;
color: #052d42 !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open a,
.pravaha-collapse-close a {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
color: inherit !important;
line-height: inherit;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
.pravaha-collapse-title {
padding: 10px 12px;
}
}

/* Collapsible Abstract box below the right-side article infobox. */
.bjs-abstract-controls {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 9px;
}

.bjs-abstract-open,
.bjs-abstract-close {
flex: 0 0 24px;
width: 24px;
height: 24px;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #35b8ef;
color: #073b55 !important;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: 800;
line-height: 24px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

.bjs-abstract-open a,
.bjs-abstract-close a {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
color: inherit !important;
line-height: inherit;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

.bjs-abstract-close {
display: none;
}

.bjs-abstract-full {
display: none;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-open {
display: none;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-close {
display: inline-block;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-preview {
display: none;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-full {
display: block;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-heading {
border-bottom: 1px solid #d6a9bc;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-07-22T11:17:32Z

Sarika:

/* OJS/Pandoc expandable sections. Works without MediaWiki JavaScript. */
.pravaha-collapse {
clear: both;
margin: 12px 0;
overflow: hidden;
border: 1px solid #e2b76f;
border-radius: 8px;
background: #fffaf2;
box-shadow: 0 2px 7px rgba(91, 48, 0, 0.08);
}

.pravaha-collapse-title {
display: flex;
min-height: 28px;
padding: 12px 16px;
align-items: center;
gap: 10px;
color: #7b4300;
font-size: 1.05rem;
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 28px;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open,
.pravaha-collapse-close {
flex: 0 0 28px;
width: 28px;
height: 28px;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
box-sizing: border-box;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #35b8ef;
color: #073b55 !important;
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: 800;
line-height: 28px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none !important;
cursor: pointer;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open {
display: inline-flex;
}

.pravaha-collapse-close {
display: none;
}

.pravaha-collapse-content {
display: none;
padding: 4px 16px 16px;
border-top: 1px solid #efd7ad;
background: #fffdf9;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-content {
display: block;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-open {
display: none;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-close {
display: inline-flex;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open:hover,
.pravaha-collapse-open:focus,
.pravaha-collapse-close:hover,
.pravaha-collapse-close:focus {
background: #1aa9e6;
color: #052d42 !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open a,
.pravaha-collapse-close a {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
color: inherit !important;
line-height: inherit;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
.pravaha-collapse-title {
padding: 10px 12px;
}
}

/* Collapsible Abstract box below the right-side article infobox. */
.bjs-abstract-controls {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 9px;
}

.bjs-abstract-open,
.bjs-abstract-close {
flex: 0 0 24px;
width: 24px;
height: 24px;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #35b8ef;
color: #073b55 !important;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: 800;
line-height: 24px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

.bjs-abstract-open a,
.bjs-abstract-close a {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
color: inherit !important;
line-height: inherit;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

.bjs-abstract-close {
display: none;
}

.bjs-abstract-full {
display: none;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-open {
display: none;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-close {
display: inline-block;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-preview {
display: none;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-full {
display: block;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-heading {
border-bottom: 1px solid #d6a9bc;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-07-22T11:06:59Z

Sarika:

/* OJS/Pandoc expandable sections. Works without MediaWiki JavaScript. */
.pravaha-collapse {
clear: both;
margin: 12px 0;
overflow: hidden;
border: 1px solid #e2b76f;
border-radius: 8px;
background: #fffaf2;
box-shadow: 0 2px 7px rgba(91, 48, 0, 0.08);
}

.pravaha-collapse-title {
display: flex;
min-height: 28px;
padding: 12px 16px;
align-items: center;
gap: 10px;
color: #7b4300;
font-size: 1.05rem;
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 28px;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open,
.pravaha-collapse-close {
flex: 0 0 28px;
width: 28px;
height: 28px;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
box-sizing: border-box;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #35b8ef;
color: #073b55 !important;
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: 800;
line-height: 28px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none !important;
cursor: pointer;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open {
display: inline-flex;
}

.pravaha-collapse-close {
display: none;
}

.pravaha-collapse-content {
display: none;
padding: 4px 16px 16px;
border-top: 1px solid #efd7ad;
background: #fffdf9;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-content {
display: block;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-open {
display: none;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-close {
display: inline-flex;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open:hover,
.pravaha-collapse-open:focus,
.pravaha-collapse-close:hover,
.pravaha-collapse-close:focus {
background: #1aa9e6;
color: #052d42 !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open a,
.pravaha-collapse-close a {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
color: inherit !important;
line-height: inherit;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
.pravaha-collapse-title {
padding: 10px 12px;
}
}

/* Collapsible Abstract box below the right-side article infobox. */
.bjs-abstract-controls {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 9px;
}

.bjs-abstract-open,
.bjs-abstract-close {
flex: 0 0 24px;
width: 24px;
height: 24px;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #35b8ef;
color: #073b55 !important;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: 800;
line-height: 24px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

.bjs-abstract-open a,
.bjs-abstract-close a {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
color: inherit !important;
line-height: inherit;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

.bjs-abstract-close {
display: none;
}

/* Always show up to 50 visual lines before expansion. */
.bjs-abstract-text {
max-height: 82.5em; /* 50 lines × 1.65 line-height */
overflow: hidden;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-open {
display: none;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-close {
display: inline-block;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-text {
max-height: none;
overflow: visible;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-heading {
border-bottom: 1px solid #d6a9bc;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-07-22T11:02:59Z

Sarika:

/* OJS/Pandoc expandable sections. Works without MediaWiki JavaScript. */
.pravaha-collapse {
clear: both;
margin: 12px 0;
overflow: hidden;
border: 1px solid #e2b76f;
border-radius: 8px;
background: #fffaf2;
box-shadow: 0 2px 7px rgba(91, 48, 0, 0.08);
}

.pravaha-collapse-title {
display: flex;
min-height: 28px;
padding: 12px 16px;
align-items: center;
gap: 10px;
color: #7b4300;
font-size: 1.05rem;
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 28px;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open,
.pravaha-collapse-close {
flex: 0 0 28px;
width: 28px;
height: 28px;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
box-sizing: border-box;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #35b8ef;
color: #073b55 !important;
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: 800;
line-height: 28px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none !important;
cursor: pointer;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open {
display: inline-flex;
}

.pravaha-collapse-close {
display: none;
}

.pravaha-collapse-content {
display: none;
padding: 4px 16px 16px;
border-top: 1px solid #efd7ad;
background: #fffdf9;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-content {
display: block;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-open {
display: none;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-close {
display: inline-flex;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open:hover,
.pravaha-collapse-open:focus,
.pravaha-collapse-close:hover,
.pravaha-collapse-close:focus {
background: #1aa9e6;
color: #052d42 !important;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open a,
.pravaha-collapse-close a {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
color: inherit !important;
line-height: inherit;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
.pravaha-collapse-title {
padding: 10px 12px;
}
}

/* Collapsible Abstract box below the right-side article infobox. */
.bjs-abstract-controls {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 9px;
}

.bjs-abstract-open,
.bjs-abstract-close {
flex: 0 0 24px;
width: 24px;
height: 24px;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #35b8ef;
color: #073b55 !important;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: 800;
line-height: 24px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

.bjs-abstract-open a,
.bjs-abstract-close a {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
color: inherit !important;
line-height: inherit;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

.bjs-abstract-close,
.bjs-abstract-content-row {
display: none;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-open {
display: none;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-close {
display: inline-block;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-content-row {
display: table-row;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-heading {
border-bottom: 1px solid #d6a9bc;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-07-22T10:57:38Z

Sarika:

/* OJS/Pandoc expandable sections. Works without MediaWiki JavaScript. */
.pravaha-collapse {
clear: both;
margin: 12px 0;
overflow: hidden;
border: 1px solid #e2b76f;
border-radius: 8px;
background: #fffaf2;
box-shadow: 0 2px 7px rgba(91, 48, 0, 0.08);
}

.pravaha-collapse-title {
display: flex;
min-height: 28px;
padding: 12px 16px;
align-items: center;
gap: 10px;
color: #7b4300;
font-size: 1.05rem;
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 28px;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open,
.pravaha-collapse-close {
flex: 0 0 28px;
width: 28px;
height: 28px;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
box-sizing: border-box;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #35b8ef;
color: #073b55 !important;
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: 800;
line-height: 28px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none !important;
cursor: pointer;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open {
display: inline-flex;
}

.pravaha-collapse-close {
display: none;
}

.pravaha-collapse-content {
display: none;
padding: 4px 16px 16px;
border-top: 1px solid #efd7ad;
background: #fffdf9;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-content {
display: block;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-open {
display: none;
}

.pravaha-collapse:target .pravaha-collapse-close {
display: inline-flex;
}

.pravaha-collapse-open:hover,
.pravaha-collapse-open:focus,
.pravaha-collapse-close:hover,
.pravaha-collapse-close:focus {
background: #1aa9e6;
color: #052d42 !important;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
.pravaha-collapse-title {
padding: 10px 12px;
}
}

/* Collapsible Abstract box below the right-side article infobox. */
.bjs-abstract-controls {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 9px;
}

.bjs-abstract-open,
.bjs-abstract-close {
flex: 0 0 24px;
width: 24px;
height: 24px;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #35b8ef;
color: #073b55 !important;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: 800;
line-height: 24px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none !important;
}

.bjs-abstract-close,
.bjs-abstract-content-row {
display: none;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-open {
display: none;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-close {
display: inline-block;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-content-row {
display: table-row;
}

.bjs-abstract-panel:target .bjs-abstract-heading {
border-bottom: 1px solid #d6a9bc;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-07-22T07:57:18Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide selected Toolbox items */

#p-tb {
display: none !important;
}

Shikha Shukla
13:24 (1 minute ago)
to me

/* OJS/Pandoc expandable article sections using MediaWiki's native module. */
.pravaha-collapse {
position: relative;
clear: both;
margin: 12px 0;
overflow: hidden;
border: 1px solid #e2b76f;
border-radius: 8px;
background: #fffaf2;
box-shadow: 0 2px 7px rgba(91, 48, 0, 0.08);
}

.pravaha-collapse-title {
min-height: 28px;
padding: 12px 16px 12px 54px;
color: #7b4300;
font-size: 1.05rem;
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 28px;
}

.pravaha-collapse .mw-collapsible-toggle {
position: absolute;
top: 12px;
left: 16px;
z-index: 2;
float: none;
display: inline-flex;
width: 28px;
height: 28px;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
box-sizing: border-box;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #35b8ef;
color: #073b55;
font-size: 0;
font-weight: 800;
line-height: 28px;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}

.pravaha-collapse .mw-collapsible-toggle::before {
content: "−";
font-size: 20px;
line-height: 1;
}

.pravaha-collapse.mw-collapsed .mw-collapsible-toggle::before {
content: "+";
}

.pravaha-collapse .mw-collapsible-toggle:hover,
.pravaha-collapse .mw-collapsible-toggle:focus {
background: #1aa9e6;
color: #052d42;
text-decoration: none;
}

.pravaha-collapse .mw-collapsible-content {
padding: 4px 16px 16px;
border-top: 1px solid #efd7ad;
background: #fffdf9;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
.pravaha-collapse-title {
padding-right: 12px;
padding-left: 50px;
}
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-07-22T07:55:41Z

Sarika:

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-07-22T07:49:26Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide selected Toolbox items */

#p-tb {
display: none !important;
}
/* Expand/collapse controls added by the OJS Pandoc converter. */
.bjs-read-more {
margin: 12px 0;
overflow: hidden;
border: 1px solid #e2b76f;
border-radius: 8px;
background: #fffaf2;
box-shadow: 0 2px 7px rgba(91, 48, 0, 0.08);
}

.bjs-read-more > summary {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 10px;
padding: 12px 16px;
color: #7b4300;
font-size: 1.05rem;
font-weight: 700;
cursor: pointer;
list-style: none;
user-select: none;
}

.bjs-read-more > summary::-webkit-details-marker {
display: none;
}

.bjs-read-more-plus,
.bjs-read-more-minus {
flex: 0 0 26px;
width: 26px;
height: 26px;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #35b8ef;
color: #073b55;
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: 800;
line-height: 24px;
text-align: center;
}

.bjs-read-more-minus {
display: none;
}

.bjs-read-more[open] .bjs-read-more-plus {
display: none;
}

.bjs-read-more[open] .bjs-read-more-minus {
display: inline-block;
}

.bjs-read-more[open] > summary {
border-bottom: 1px solid #efd7ad;
background: #fff5e5;
}

.bjs-read-more > :not(summary) {
margin-right: 16px;
margin-left: 16px;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T07:44:25Z

Sarika:

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T07:42:18Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide selected Toolbox items */

/* Upload file */
#t-upload {
display: none !important;
}

/* Special pages */
#t-specialpages {
display: none !important;
}

/* Printable version */
#t-print {
display: none !important;
}

/* Page information */
#t-info {
display: none !important;
}

MediaWiki:Sidebar

2026-06-01T07:38:55Z

Sarika:

* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage-description




** helppage|help-mediawiki
* SEARCH
* TOOLBOX
* LANGUAGES














-->

MediaWiki:Sidebar

2026-06-01T07:37:00Z

Sarika:

* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage-description




** helppage|help-mediawiki
* SEARCH
* TOOLBOX
* LANGUAGES

MediaWiki:Sidebar

2026-06-01T07:36:10Z

Sarika:

* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage-description

** randompage-url|randompage

** helppage|help-mediawiki
* SEARCH
* TOOLBOX
* LANGUAGES

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T07:15:08Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T07:12:17Z

Sarika:

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T07:09:57Z

Sarika:

MediaWiki:Sidebar

2026-06-01T07:05:51Z

Sarika:

* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage-description

** helppage|help-mediawiki
* SEARCH
* TOOLBOX
* LANGUAGES

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T06:21:50Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide edit section links */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide edit section links */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide breadcrumbs */
#contentSub,
#siteSub {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide left sidebar by default */
.vector-column-start {
display: none !important;
}

/* Show hamburger toggle button */
.vector-main-menu-landmark,
.vector-main-menu-action {
display: flex !important;
visibility: visible !important;
}

/* Keep logo visible */
.mw-logo {
display: flex !important;
align-items: center !important;
}

/* Make content wider */
.mw-content-container,
.vector-page,
.vector-column-end {
max-width: none !important;
}

/* Limit reading width */
#mw-content-text {
max-width: 1100px;
margin: 0 auto;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T06:09:50Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide edit section links */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide breadcrumbs */
#contentSub,
#siteSub {
display: none !important;
}

/* Keep page wide but readable */
.mw-page-container,
.mw-content-container,
.vector-page,
.vector-column-end {
max-width: none !important;
}

/* Nice readable content width */
.mw-parser-output,
#mw-content-text {
max-width: 1100px;
margin: 0 auto;
}

/* Ensure logo is visible */
.mw-logo {
display: flex !important;
align-items: center !important;
}

/* Ensure hamburger menu is visible */
.vector-main-menu-landmark {
display: block !important;
}

/* Slightly cleaner header spacing */
.vector-page-toolbar,
.vector-page-titlebar {
padding-left: 0 !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T06:05:23Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide edit section links */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide left sidebar completely */
.vector-column-start,
.vector-sidebar-container,
#mw-panel {
display: none !important;
}

/* Remove Vector width limit and centering */
.mw-page-container,
.mw-content-container,
.vector-page,
.vector-column-end,
#content {
max-width: none !important;
width: auto !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
margin-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Push article to full width */
.mw-body {
margin-left: 0 !important;
width: calc(100% - 2em) !important;
}
/* Hide breadcrumbs / page history trail */
#breadcrumbs,
#siteSub,
.mw-indicators + .subpages {
display: none !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T05:56:00Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide edit section links */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide left sidebar completely */
.vector-column-start,
.vector-sidebar-container,
#mw-panel {
display: none !important;
}

/* Remove Vector width limit and centering */
.mw-page-container,
.mw-content-container,
.vector-page,
.vector-column-end,
#content {
max-width: none !important;
width: auto !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
margin-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Push article to full width */
.mw-body {
margin-left: 0 !important;
width: calc(100% - 2em) !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T05:52:28Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide edit section links */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide sidebar */
.vector-column-start,
.vector-sidebar-container,
#mw-panel {
display: none !important;
}

/* Make main page full width */
.mw-page-container {
max-width: 100% !important;
width: 100% !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
padding-right: 0 !important;
margin: 0 !important;
grid-template-columns: 0 1fr !important;
}

/* Remove centered content width */
.mw-content-container {
max-width: 100% !important;
width: 100% !important;
margin: 0 !important;
padding-left: 20px !important;
padding-right: 20px !important;
}

/* Expand article */
.vector-page,
.vector-column-end {
max-width: 100% !important;
width: 100% !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T05:48:11Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide edit links */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide entire left sidebar container */
.vector-column-start,
.vector-sidebar-container,
#mw-panel {
display: none !important;
width: 0 !important;
min-width: 0 !important;
max-width: 0 !important;
margin: 0 !important;
padding: 0 !important;
overflow: hidden !important;
}

/* Remove sidebar column from layout */
.mw-page-container {
display: grid !important;
grid-template-columns: 0 minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
column-gap: 0 !important;
}

/* Let content take full width */
.mw-content-container,
.vector-page,
.vector-column-end {
width: 100% !important;
max-width: none !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T05:46:37Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide edit section links */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide entire sidebar */
.vector-column-start,
.vector-sidebar-container,
#mw-panel {
display: none !important;
}

/* Remove sidebar space from layout */
.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: 0 minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
}

/* Expand article area */
.mw-content-container,
.vector-page,
.vector-column-end {
max-width: none !important;
width: 100% !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T05:43:42Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide left sidebar */
.vector-column-start {
display: none !important;
}

/* Remove page grid sidebar column */
.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: 0 minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
}

/* Expand article area */
.mw-content-container {
max-width: none !important;
width: 100% !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
margin-right: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
padding-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Expand page wrapper */
.vector-page {
max-width: none !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
}

/* Expand content column */
.vector-column-end {
max-width: none !important;
width: 100% !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T05:43:10Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T05:39:11Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide left sidebar but keep logo */
.vector-column-start .vector-menu-portal,
#mw-panel .portal {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide edit section links */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide sidebar menus */
.vector-menu-portal,
#mw-panel .portal {
display: none !important;
}

/* Collapse left sidebar completely */
.vector-column-start {
display: none !important;
}

/* Remove Vector gutter spacing */
:root {
--vector-gutter-width: 0px !important;
}

/* Remove left column layout */
.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: 0 minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
}

/* Stretch content to full width */
.mw-content-container,
.vector-page,
.vector-column-end {
max-width: 100% !important;
width: 100% !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T05:34:39Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide left sidebar but keep logo */
.vector-column-start .vector-menu-portal,
#mw-panel .portal {
display: none !important;
}

/* Collapse sidebar column */
.vector-column-start {
width: 0 !important;
min-width: 0 !important;
max-width: 0 !important;
padding: 0 !important;
margin: 0 !important;
overflow: hidden !important;
}

/* Remove the left column from page layout */
.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: 0 minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
}

/* Stretch article content full width */
.mw-content-container,
.vector-page,
.vector-column-end {
max-width: 100% !important;
width: 100% !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T05:32:29Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */

/* Hide "edit / edit source" beside headings */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide sidebar navigation, keep logo visible */
#mw-panel .portal,
.vector-menu-portal {
display: none !important;
}

/* Keep logo visible */
#p-logo,
.mw-logo {
display: block !important;
}

/* Expand page into sidebar space */
.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
}

/* Expand content width */
.vector-column-end {
width: 100% !important;
max-width: none !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
}

/* Remove left padding/gap */
.vector-page,
.mw-content-container {
margin-left: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
}

/* Remove sidebar column completely */
.vector-column-start {
width: 0 !important;
min-width: 0 !important;
max-width: 0 !important;
overflow: hidden !important;
padding: 0 !important;
margin: 0 !important;
}

/* Make the page a single full-width column */
.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: 0 minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
}

/* Remove left gap around article */
.vector-page,
.mw-content-container,
.vector-column-end {
margin-left: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
max-width: none !important;
width: 100% !important;
}

/* Force Vector 2022 content to use full width after sidebar is hidden */

.vector-column-start {
display: none !important;
}

.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: 0 minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
max-width: 100% !important;
}

.mw-content-container {
max-width: 100% !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
margin-right: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
}

.vector-page {
max-width: 100% !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
}

.vector-column-end {
max-width: 100% !important;
width: 100% !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T05:30:03Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */

/* Hide "edit / edit source" beside headings */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide sidebar navigation, keep logo visible */
#mw-panel .portal,
.vector-menu-portal {
display: none !important;
}

/* Keep logo visible */
#p-logo,
.mw-logo {
display: block !important;
}

/* Expand page into sidebar space */
.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
}

/* Expand content width */
.vector-column-end {
width: 100% !important;
max-width: none !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
}

/* Remove left padding/gap */
.vector-page,
.mw-content-container {
margin-left: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
}

/* Remove sidebar column completely */
.vector-column-start {
width: 0 !important;
min-width: 0 !important;
max-width: 0 !important;
overflow: hidden !important;
padding: 0 !important;
margin: 0 !important;
}

/* Make the page a single full-width column */
.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: 0 minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
}

/* Remove left gap around article */
.vector-page,
.mw-content-container,
.vector-column-end {
margin-left: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
max-width: none !important;
width: 100% !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T05:29:06Z

Sarika:

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-06-01T05:27:33Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide sidebar navigation menus, but keep logo */
#mw-panel .portal,
.vector-menu-portal {
display: none !important;
}

/* Keep logo visible */
#p-logo,
.mw-logo {
display: block !important;
}

/* Expand content area */
.vector-column-end,
.vector-page {
margin-left: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
}

/* Layout */
.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
}

/* Make content use the sidebar space */
.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
}

/* Expand main content fully */
.vector-column-end {
max-width: none !important;
width: 100% !important;
margin-left: 0 !important;
}

/* Remove extra left spacing */
.vector-page {
margin-left: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-05-30T09:56:55Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

/* Hide sidebar navigation menus, but keep logo */
#mw-panel .portal,
.vector-menu-portal {
display: none !important;
}

/* Keep logo visible */
#p-logo,
.mw-logo {
display: block !important;
}

/* Expand content area */
.vector-column-end,
.vector-page {
margin-left: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
}

/* Layout */
.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-05-30T09:47:25Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}
/* Hide left sidebar */
.vector-column-start {
display: none !important;
}

/* Expand content to full width */
.vector-column-end {
margin-left: 0 !important;
}

.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: 0 minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
}
/* Hide entire left sidebar */
#mw-panel,
.vector-sidebar,
.vector-column-start {
display: none !important;
}

/* Let content use full width */
.mw-page-container,
.vector-page {
margin-left: 0 !important;
padding-left: 0 !important;
grid-template-columns: 0 minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-05-30T09:45:20Z

Sarika:

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}
/* Hide left sidebar */
.vector-column-start {
display: none !important;
}

/* Expand content to full width */
.vector-column-end {
margin-left: 0 !important;
}

.mw-page-container {
grid-template-columns: 0 minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
}

MediaWiki:Common.css

2026-02-26T07:05:03Z

Sarika: Created page with "/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */ /* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */ .mw-editsection, .mw-editsection-like { display: none !important; }"

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* Hide "edit / edit source" next to headings everywhere */
.mw-editsection,
.mw-editsection-like {
display: none !important;
}

VideoMediahandler

2026-02-16T06:54:14Z

Sarika: Created page with "This is test file to test Inlinevideo. File:testMediaHandler.mp4 Authored by . Published by,"

This is test file to test Inlinevideo.
[[File:testMediaHandler.mp4]]

Authored by .
Published by,

VideoTestPage

2026-02-16T06:43:13Z

Sarika: Created page with " File:testMediaHandler.mp4 Authored by . Published by,"

[[File:testMediaHandler.mp4]]

Authored by .
Published by,

File:TestMediaHandler.mp4

2026-02-16T06:05:19Z

Sarika:

ಖಟ್ವಾ೦ಗನ ಆದರ್ಶ (Khatvaogana Adharsa)

2026-02-03T06:51:57Z

Sarika: Imported from Bhāratīya Jñāna Saritā

{| class="wikitable infobox" style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:320px;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;" | ಖಟ್ವಾ೦ಗನ ಆದರ್ಶ (Khatvaogana Adharsa)
|-
| '''Category'''
| आन्वीक्षिकी विभाग / Vedic Philosophical and Cognitive Sciences
|-
| '''Author'''
| sumukha hebbar
|-
| '''Publication'''
| Bhāratīya Jñāna Saritā
|-
| '''Location'''
| India
|-
| '''Date'''
| Wed Sep 23 2020
|}

<div dir="ltr">

<div>

<div style="text-align: center;">

<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: right;">

'''ಲೇಖಕರು: ಸುಮುಖ ಹೆಬ್ಬಾರ್'''

</div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: right;">

'''(ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯಿಸಿರಿ : [mailto:lekhana@ayvm.in lekhana@ayvm.in])'''

</div>

</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">

<br />

</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">

[[File:[File:image-793309.png|thumb]] [[File:e70a91b011f3c1be0f16aba76a322c92e3a2310d.png|thumb]]<br />

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</div>
ಖಟ್ವಾ೦ಗ ಮಹಾಪರಾಕ್ರಮಿಯಾದ ರಘುವಂಶದ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ. ಯುದ್ಧದಲ್ಲಿ ಅವನನ್ನು ಜಯಿಸಲು ಯಾರಿಂದಲೂ ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಗುತ್ತಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಅವನು ದೇವತೆಗಳ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆಯಂತೆ, ದೇವೆತೆಗಳ ಪರವಾಗಿ ಅನೇಕ ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಕಾಲ ಯುದ್ಧ ಮಾಡಿದನು. ತನ್ನ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಕೌಶಲ್ಯದಿಂದ ದೈತ್ಯರನ್ನು ಸಂಹರಿಸಿದನು. ತನ್ನ ಕರ್ತವ್ಯವನ್ನು ಮುಗಿಸಿ, ದೇವತೆಗಳು ಬೀಳ್ಕೊಡುವ ಸಮಯ. ಕೃತಜ್ಞರಾದ ದೇವತೆಗಳು ಆತನಿಗೆ ಏನಾದರೂ ಪ್ರತ್ಯುಪಕಾರ ಮಾಡಲು ಬಯಸಿದರು. ಆದರೆ ಖಟ್ವಾ೦ಗನಿಗೆ ಯಾವ ಬಯಕೆಯೂ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಆತ ನಿರ್ಲಿಪ್ತ, ತೃಪ್ತ ಮನಸ್ಕನಾದ ರಾಜರ್ಷಿ. ಕೊನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ "ತನ್ನ ಆಯುಷ್ಯ ಎಷ್ಟು ಉಳಿದಿದೆ?" ಎಂಬುದಾಗಿ ಮಾತ್ರ ಪ್ರಶ್ನಿಸಿದ. ದೇವತೆಗಳು ದಿವ್ಯ ದೃಷ್ಟಿಯಿಂದ ನೋಡಿ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಗಾಬರಿಗೊಂಡರು. "ರಾಜನ್, ನಿನ್ನ ಆಯುಷ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಮುಹೂರ್ತ ಕಾಲ ಮಾತ್ರ ಉಳಿದಿದೆ !!" ಎಂಬ ಕಟು ಸತ್ಯವನ್ನು ತಿಳಿಸಿದರು. ಆದರೂ, ಖಟ್ವಾ೦ಗನ ಮುಖಮಂಡಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪವೂ ಬೇಸರ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ತುರ್ತಾಗಿ ತನ್ನ ವಾಸಸ್ಥಾನಕ್ಕೆ ತೆರಳಿದ. ಅರ್ಧ ಮುಹೂರ್ತ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಮನಸ್ಸನ್ನು ಸಂಯಮಿಸಿ, ಒಳಗೆ ಯೋಗಸ್ಥಿತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮುಳುಗಿದ. ನಿಗದಿತ ಆಯುಷ್ಯಕಾಲ ಮುಗಿದು ಮೃತ್ಯು ಎಳೆದೊಯ್ಯುವ ಮುನ್ನವೇ, ತನ್ನ ಯೋಗಬಲದಿಂದ ಶರೀರವನ್ನು, ಧರಿಸಿದ ಬಟ್ಟೆಯಂತೆ ತ್ಯಾಗ ಮಾಡಿ ಪರಮಾತ್ಮನ ಪಾದವನ್ನು ಸೇರಿದ. ಶ್ರೀರಾಮನ ಪೂರ್ವಜನಾದ ಈ ರಘುವಂಶಿಯು ಕಾಳಿದಾಸನು ಹೇಳುವ "ಯೋಗೇನಾ೦ತೇ ತನುತ್ಯಜಾಮ್ " ಎನ್ನುವಂತೆ, ಯೋಗಬಲದಿಂದಲೇ ತನ್ನ ಶರೀರವನ್ನು ಕಳಚಿ ಹಾಕಿದ.
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ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು ಜೀವಿಯಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಮೃತ್ಯುಭಯ ಸಹಜ. ಎಂದೋ ಘಟಿಸುವುದಕ್ಕೆ ಹೆದರುವ ನಾವು, ಇನ್ನು ಒಂದು ಗಂಟೆ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಮೃತ್ಯು ಕಾದಿದೆ ಎಂದು ತಿಳಿದರೆ?! "ಹೆಂಡತಿ ಮಕ್ಕಳನ್ನು ಒಮ್ಮೆಯಾದರೂ ನೋಡಬೇಕು", "ಬಂಧು-ಬಾಂಧವರನ್ನು ಸಂಧಿಸಬೇಕು", "ಇಷ್ಟು ದಿನ ಏನು ಸಾಧಿಸಿದೆ?" ಮುಂತಾದ ಆಲೋಚನೆಗಳು ಮನಸ್ಸಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಮೂಡುವುದಲ್ಲವೇ?. ಏತನ್ಮಧ್ಯೆ ಯೋಗಸಾಧನೆ, ಸಮಾಧಿಗಳೆಂತು?
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ತತ್ವಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ಗಮನಿಸುವುದಾದರೆ, ನಮ್ಮಲ್ಲಿ ಶರೀರ, ಇಂದ್ರಿಯ, ಮನೋಬುದ್ಧಿಗಳ ಸಹಜ ವಿಕಾಸಾಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಮತ್ತು ಒಳತತ್ವ ದರ್ಶನಕ್ಕೆ ಸಹಾಯಕವಾದ ಶಕ್ತಿಗಳೇ ದೈವೀಶಕ್ತಿಗಳು. ಅಲ್ಲದೆ, ಅರಿಷಡ್ವರ್ಗದೆಡೆಗೆ ಸೆಳೆಯುವ ಶಕ್ತಿಗಳು ಆಸುರೀ ಶಕ್ತಿಗಳು. ಇಂದ್ರಿಯ ಭೋಗ ಮತ್ತು ಒಳತತ್ವ ದರ್ಶನಕ್ಕೆ ಅಡಚಣೆಯಿಲ್ಲದೆ, ವ್ಯವಹಾರ ನಿರ್ವಹಣೆಯೇ ಅಂತರಂಗದ ದೇವಾಸುರ ಯುದ್ಧ. ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ ದೇವತೆಗಳ ಜಯ ಸಾಧಿಸಿದವರಿಗೆ ಕೊನೆಗಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮಸ್ಥಿತಿಯುಂಟು. ಸಂಯಮವುಂಟು.
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ಶರೀರವೇ ನಮ್ಮ ಮನೆ. ಬ್ರಹ್ಮದಂಡವೇ ಮೂಲ ನೆಲೆ. ಅದರೊಳಗೆ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಮಾಡಿ ಯೋಗದಿಂದ ಶರೀರ ತ್ಯಾಗ ಮಾಡಿದರೆ "ಯೋಗೇನಾ೦ತೇ ತನುತ್ಯಜಾಮ್". ಇದು ಆಗಬೇಕಾದರೆ, ಬಾಲ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಧಾತುಗತವಾಗುವಂತೆ ವಿದ್ಯೆಯ ಅಧ್ಯಯನವಾಗಿ, ಯೌವನದಲ್ಲಿ ಧರ್ಮದಿಂದ ಕೂಡಿದ ಅರ್ಥ-ಕಾಮಗಳನ್ನು ಅನುಭವಿಸಬೇಕು. ಜೀವನದ ಗಾಡಿ ಓಡಿಸುವಾಗ ಧರ್ಮವೆಂಬ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣವಿಲ್ಲದಿದ್ದರೆ ಅಪಘಾತವಾಗುವುದು ಸರ್ವೇ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ . ವಾರ್ಧಕ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಒಳತತ್ವ ಒಂದೇ ಸತ್ಯ ನಿತ್ಯ ಎಂದು ತಿಳಿದು, ಕೊನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಶರೀರ ಕವಚ ಸ್ವೇಚ್ಛೆಯಿಂದ ತೊರೆದವರೇ ಧೀರರು. ಖಟ್ವಾ೦ಗ, ದದೀಚಿ ಮಹರ್ಷಿಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಭೀಷ್ಮಾಚಾರ್ಯರಂತಹ ಧೀರರ ಹೆಜ್ಜೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಾವೂ ಬಾಳುವಂತಾಗಲಿ ಎಂದು ಆಶಿಸೋಣ.

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<div>

'''ಸೂಚನೆ: 23/09/2020 ರಂದು ಈ ಲೇಖನ ವಿಜಯವಾಣಿಯ [http://epapervijayavani.in/ArticlePage/APpage.php?edn=Bengaluru&articleid=VVAANINEW_BEN_20200923_8_5&artwidth=74px ಮನೋಲ್ಲಾಸ ]ದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾಗಿದೆ.'''<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 13.2px;"> </span>

</div>

</div>

NewfilewithImage

2026-02-02T07:17:55Z

Sarika: Imported from OJS conversion

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:320px;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%;" | newfilewithImage
|-
| '''Title'''
| newfilewithImage
|-
| '''Author(s)'''
| sarika
|-
| '''Platform'''
| Bhāratīya Jñāna Saritā
|-
| '''Categories'''
| Contemporary Social/Cultural Sciences
|-
| '''Year'''
| 2026
|-
| '''Abstract'''
| xx
|}

= Test DOCX with Images =

This document contains multiple images to test your DOCX/HTML → MediaWiki pipeline. If images are extracted and uploaded correctly, they should appear in the generated wiki page.

== Section 1: Inline Image ==

Below is an inline image:

[[File:BJS_113_image1.png|556x324px]]

Figure 1. Example inline diagram image.

== Section 2: Another Image with Text Around ==

Some text before the image. This helps verify that text flow is preserved.

[[File:BJS_113_image2.png|556x324px]]

Some text after the image.

== Section 3: Two Images Back-to-Back ==

[[File:BJS_113_image1.png|537x313px]]

[[File:BJS_113_image2.png|537x313px]]

== Section 4: A Captioned Table + Image Reference ==

{|
! Key
! Value
|-
| Submission
| Sample Submission 68
|-
| Expected
| Images appear as <<<BJS_PARA_PROTECT_4>>> in MediaWiki
|}

Figure 2 is referenced above and should still appear correctly in wiki output.

ಅಷ್ಟಾಕ್ಷರೀ - 57 ಏಕಂ ದುಃಖಂ ಸುಖಂ ಚ ನೌ (Astaksari 57 Ekam Duhkham Sukham Ca Nau)

2026-02-02T05:59:23Z

Sarika: Imported from Bhāratīya Jñāna Saritā

{| class="wikitable infobox" style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:320px;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;" | ಅಷ್ಟಾಕ್ಷರೀ - 57 ಏಕಂ ದುಃಖಂ ಸುಖಂ ಚ ನೌ (Astaksari 57 Ekam Duhkham Sukham Ca Nau)
|-
| '''Category'''
| लौकिकशास्त्र विभाग / Contemporary Social / Cultural Sciences
|-
| '''Publication'''
| Bhāratīya Jñāna Saritā
|-
| '''Location'''
| India
|-
| '''Date'''
| Sun Apr 28 2024
|}

<div dir="ltr">

<span id="gmail-docs-internal-guid-a89a249f-7fff-6178-b26c-05fc30bca9f6"></span>
<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">ಲೇಖಕರು :</span>[https://[[Articles|articles]].ayvm.in/2019/02/dr-k-s-kannan-profile.html <span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> ಪ್ರೊ.</span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(136,136,136);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> ಕೆ. ಎಸ್. ಕಣ್ಣನ್</span>]<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>

<span style="text-align:center;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline">(ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯಿಸಿರಿ </span>[mailto:lekhana@ayvm.in <span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;text-decoration-line:underline;vertical-align:baseline">lekhana@ayvm.in</span>]<span style="text-align:center;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline">)</span>

<br />

<div style="text-align:center">

[[File:AVvXsEhEuGVueCC3S6vAIP_aNbdXXU9nOHrPmvSpKGZHHYo8z-X00w6KmQAbR5vZcOiSlM7XdOu-mclfnBLNirlF9fGkiTYgua_t_Mf-E3waDqyyTyRANNVF4hdG-EgkcpI0L4fUbAFyxD_-qTUUroHbbbxqtYoSY3-TEz3cIaTWfCb5jluD-cdbD48WXsnhdEM_s320.png|center|thumb]]

</div>
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<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ತಾಳಿಕಟ್ಟಿದ ಮಾತ್ರಕ್ಕೆ ಅದನ್ನು ವಿವಾಹವೆಂದು ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲಾಗದೆಂಬುದನ್ನು ಆಗಾಗ್ಗೆ ನ್ಯಾಯಾಲಯಗಳು ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟಪಡಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರೂ ಜನಸಾಮಾನ್ಯರಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆಲವರಿಗದು ಮನವರಿಕೆಯಾಗುವುದೇ ಇಲ್ಲ. ಸಪ್ತಪದಿಯೆಂಬುದೇ ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ನಿರ್ಣಾಯಕವಾಗುವಂತಹುದು: ವಿವಾಹವು ಅಗ್ನಿಸಾಕ್ಷಿಕವಾಗಿ ನೆರವೇರಬೇಕು; ವಧೂವರರು ಪಾಣಿಗ್ರಹಣದೊಂದಿಗೆ ಅಗ್ನಿಗೆ ಪ್ರದಕ್ಷಿಣವಾಗಿ ಬಂದ ಮೇಲೆಯೇ ವಿವಾಹವು ಸಂಪನ್ನವಾಯಿತೆಂಬ ಲೆಕ್ಕವು ಬರುವುದು. ಅದನ್ನು ಬಿಟ್ಟು ಉಳಿದೆಲ್ಲ ಕಲಾಪಗಳು ನಡೆದಿದ್ದರೂ ಅದು ವಿವಾಹವೆನಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳದು.</span>

<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಈ ಸಪ್ತಪದಿಯ ಕೊನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬರುವ ಮಾತೇ "ಸಖಾ ಸಪ್ತಪದೀ ಭವ" ಎಂಬುದಾಗಿ. ಪತಿಪತ್ನಿಯರಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ಥಾಯಿಯಾಗಿ ಉಳಿಯಬೇಕಾದ ಭಾವವೇ ಸಖ್ಯ. ಅಗ್ನಿಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾಗಿ ಘಟಿಸಬೇಕಾದುದು ಈ ಜೀವಸಖ್ಯ. ಸಾಕ್ಷಾತ್ತಾಗಿ ಕಾಣತಕ್ಕವನೇ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯೆನಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಸೂರ್ಯಚಂದ್ರರು ಲೋಕನೇತ್ರಗಳು, ಸರ್ವಸಾಕ್ಷಿಗಳು. ಅಗ್ನಿಯಂತೂ ಮೂರನೆಯ ಕಣ್ಣಾಗಿ ವೀಕ್ಷಿಸತಕ್ಕವನೇ ಸರಿ. ಸೂರ್ಯಚಂದ್ರರಿಗಾದರೂ ಕಾಲನಿಬಂಧನಗಳುಂಟು; ಅಗ್ನಿಯು ಸರ್ವದಾ ಆವಾಹ್ಯನೇ ಸರಿ. ಪಂಚಭೂತಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮಧ್ಯಸ್ಥನಾದ ಈ ಅಗ್ನಿಯು ಇತ್ತ ದೇವದೂತನೂ ಹೌದು, ಅತ್ತ ದೇವನೂ ಹೌದು.</span>

<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ವಿವಾಹಮಾತ್ರವನ್ನಲ್ಲದೆ, ಮಿತ್ರತ್ವವನ್ನೂ ಅಗ್ನಿಸಾಕ್ಷಿಕವಾಗಿ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸುವ ನಡೆಯೂ ಒಂದುಂಟು. ಅದನ್ನು ರಾಮಾಯಣದಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಡಬಹುದು.</span>

<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ರಾಮಸುಗ್ರೀವರ ಸಖ್ಯವು ಸಿದ್ಧವಾಗುವ ಸಂನಿವೇಶದಲ್ಲಿ ಇದು ಕಾಣಸಿಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಕಿಷ್ಕಿಂಧಾಕಾಂಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಮೊದಲು ರಾಮಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಣರೊಂದಿಗೆ ಹನುಮಂತನ ಭೇಟಿಯಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಹನುಮಂತನು ಅವರಿಬ್ಬರ ಲೋಕೋತ್ತರತ್ವವನ್ನು ಬಹುಬೇಗನೆ ಕಂಡುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಹನುಮಂತನಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ ದೌತ್ಯ-ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ (ಎಂದರೆ ದೂತನ ಕಾರ್ಯವನ್ನು ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುವಿಕೆ) ಮೊದಲಾದ ಅನೇಕಗುಣಗಳನ್ನು ರಾಮನೂ ಗುರುತಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಾನೆ.</span>

<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಸುಗ್ರೀವ-ಸಖ್ಯವು ತಮಗೂ ಬೇಕಾಗಿರುವುದನ್ನು ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಣನು ಹನುಮಂತನಿಗೆ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಹನುಮಂತನೂ ಸಹ, ಸುಗ್ರೀವನಿಗಾಗಿರುವ ರಾಜ್ಯಾಪಹಾರ-ಭಾರ್ಯಾಪಹಾರಗಳ ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು ತಿಳಿಸಿ, ಅವರಿಬ್ಬರನ್ನೂ ಸುಗ್ರೀವನಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಒಯ್ಯುತ್ತಾನೆ. ತನ್ನೊಂದಿಗೆ ಅವರ ಸ್ನೇಹಾಪೇಕ್ಷೆಯನ್ನರಿತುಕೊಂಡ ಸುಗ್ರೀವನು ತನ್ನ ಸ್ನೇಹ-ಹಸ್ತವನ್ನು ನೀಡುತ್ತಾನೆ.</span>

<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಆಗ ಹನುಮಂತನು ಎರಡು ಕಟ್ಟಿಗೆಗಳನ್ನು ಕಡೆದು ಅಗ್ನಿಯನ್ನು ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿಮಾಡುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಜ್ವಲಿಸುವ ಅಗ್ನಿಗೆ ಪುಷ್ಪಾರ್ಚನೆಯಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ರಾಮ-ಸುಗ್ರೀವರ ನಡುವೆ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಲಾದ ಆ ಅಗ್ನಿಯನ್ನು ಅವರಿಬ್ಬರೂ ಪ್ರದಕ್ಷಿಣೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ: ಇದರಿಂದಾಗಿ ಇವರಿಬ್ಬರ ಪರಸ್ಪರ-ಮಿತ್ರನಿಷ್ಠೆಯು ಸ್ಥಾಪಿತವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.</span>

<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಸಂತೋಷಗೊಂಡ ಆ ಹರಿ-ರಾಘವರು (ಎಂದರೆ, ಸುಗ್ರೀವ-ರಾಮಚಂದ್ರರು) ಪರಸ್ಪರ ಅಭಿವೀಕ್ಷಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ (ಎಂದರೆ, ಸಂತೋಷದಿಂದ ದಿಟ್ಟಿಸಿ ನೋಡುತ್ತಾರೆ). ಎಷ್ಟು ಹೊತ್ತು ಹಾಗೆ ಅಭಿವೀಕ್ಷಿಸಿದರೂ ಅವರಿಗೆ ತೃಪ್ತಿಯೇ ಆಗದು!</span>

<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಆಗ ರಾಮನು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾನೆ: ಇಗೋ ಈಗ ನೀನು ನನಗೆ ಹೃದ್ಯ-ವಯಸ್ಯನಾಗಿದ್ದೀಯೆ. (ಹೃದ್ಯನೆಂದರೆ ಹೃದಯಕ್ಕೆ ಪ್ರಿಯನಾದವನು, ಮನಸ್ಸಿಗೆ ಆಹ್ಲಾದವನ್ನುಂಟುಮಾಡುವವನು; ವಯಸ್ಯನೆಂದರೆ ಮಿತ್ರ.) ನಮ್ಮಿಬ್ಬರ ದುಃಖವೂ ಸುಖವೂ ಒಂದೇ (ಏಕಂ ದುಃಖಂ ಸುಖಂ ಚ ನೌ). ಇದು ಸಾರಭೂತವಾದ ಮಾತು.</span>

<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಆ ಬಳಿಕ ಎಲ್ಲರೂ ಕುಳಿತು ಮಾತನಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಆನಂದಬಾಷ್ಪಭರಿತನಾಗಿ ಸುಗ್ರೀವನು ಸಂಭಾಷಣೆಯನ್ನು ರಾಮನೊಂದಿಗೆ ಆರಂಭಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ: ತನ್ನ ಕ್ಲಿಷ್ಟ-ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಯನ್ನು ನಿವೇದಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಾನೆ; ಅಭಯವನ್ನು ಯಾಚಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ. ರಾಮನೂ ಅಭಯವಿತ್ತು ಧೈರ್ಯತುಂಬುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಆಮೇಲಿನ ವಾಲಿಸಂಹಾರದಲ್ಲಿ ರಾಮನ ಪಾತ್ರ, ಹಾಗೂ ರಾವಣಸಂಹಾರದಲ್ಲಿ ಸುಗ್ರೀವನ ಪಾತ್ರ – ಇವುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮೇಲಿನ ಸಾರಭೂತವಾದ ಮಾತಿನ ಸತ್ಯತ್ವವು ಸಾಧಿತವಾಗುತ್ತದಲ್ಲವೇ?</span>

<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಗಮನಿಸಬೇಕಾದ ಅಂಶವೆಂದರೆ ರಾಮ-ಸುಗ್ರೀವರ ಸಖ್ಯವೂ ಅಗ್ನಿ-ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಕವಾದ ಪಾಣಿ-ಗ್ರಹಣ ಹಾಗೂ ಅಗ್ನಿ-ಪ್ರದಕ್ಷಿಣಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ನೆರವೇರುವುದು; ಬಳಿಕ, ಒಬ್ಬರ ದುಃಖವನ್ನು ಮತ್ತೊಬ್ಬರು ಪರಿಭಾವಿಸುವುದು, ಯುಕ್ತ-ಸಹಾಯವೊದಗಿಸುವುದು; ಒಬ್ಬರ ಸಂತೋಷವು ಮತ್ತೊಬ್ಬರ ಹರ್ಷಕ್ಕೆ ಕಾರಣವಾಗುವುದು - ಎಂಬುದು.</span>

<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಇವೆಲ್ಲವೂ ಒಂದರ್ಥದಲ್ಲಿ ಸುದಾಂಪತ್ಯದ ಲಕ್ಷಣಗಳೇ. ಕಳ್ಳಕಾಕರಲ್ಲೂ ಸ್ನೇಹಬೆಳೆದರೂ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಧರ್ಮಬುದ್ಧಿಯು ನೆಲೆಸಿರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ; ಎಂದೇ ಕೆಲಕಾಲದಲ್ಲೇ ಅದು ಮುರಿದುಬೀಳುವುದೂ. ಸುಗ್ರೀವ-ರಾಮಚಂದ್ರರಿಗೆ ಒದಗಿದ್ದ ಕ್ಲೇಶಗಳಿಗೆ ವಾಲಿ-ರಾವಣರ ಅಧರ್ಮದ ನಡೆಯೇ ಕಾರಣವಾಗಿತ್ತು. "ಧರ್ಮವುಳಿಯಬೇಕಾದರೆ ಅದರ ವಿರೋಧಿಗಳು ಅಳಿಯಲೇಬೇಕು: ಬೆಳೆಯುಳಿಯಬೇಕಾದರೆ ಕಳೆಯಳಿಯಲೇಬೇಕಲ್ಲವೇ?" ಎಂಬ ಶ್ರೀರಂಗಮಹಾಗುರುಗಳ ವಾಣಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ಮರಣೀಯ. ಹೀಗೆ ಅಧರ್ಮದ ಉತ್ಪಾಟನವೇ (ಎಂದರೆ ಕಿತ್ತುಹಾಕುವಿಕೆಯೇ) ಇಬ್ಬರಿಗೂ ಸಮಾನಧ್ಯೇಯವಾಗಿತ್ತು. ಎಂದೇ ಈ ಮೈತ್ರಿಯು ಉಳಿಯಿತು, ಬೆಳೆಯಿತು, ಲೋಕೋಪಕಾರಿಯಾಯಿತು.</span>

<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಏಕಂ ದುಃಖಂ ಸುಖಂ ಚ ನೌ – ಎಂಬ ಮಾತನ್ನು ಸುಗ್ರೀವನೇ ರಾಮನಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದನೆಂದು ರಾಮಾಯಣದ ಕೆಲವು ಪ್ರತಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿದೆ. ಹಾಗೂ ಸೊಗಸೇ ಅಲ್ಲವೇ? ಮಿತ್ರತ್ವವು ಎಷ್ಟಾದರೂ ಪಾರಸ್ಪರಿಕವೇ ಸರಿ.</span>

'''ಸೂಚನೆ: 27/04/2024 ರಂದು ಈ ಲೇಖನ ವಿಜಯವಾಣಿಯ '''[http://vijayavani%20epaper '''ಸುದಿನ ''']'''ದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾಗಿದೆ.'''<span style="color:rgb(71,71,71);font-family:Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif;font-size:13.2px;white-space:pre"> </span><br />

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ವ್ಯಾಸ ವೀಕ್ಷಿತ - 85 ಪಾಂಡವರು ಹಸ್ತಿನಾವತಿಗೆ ತೆರಳುವರೆ? (Vyaasa Vikshita - 85 Pandavaru Hastinavatige Teraluvare?)

2026-01-30T06:21:20Z

Sarika: Imported from Bharatiya JÃ±Äna Sarita

{| class="wikitable infobox" style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:320px;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;" | ವ್ಯಾಸ ವೀಕ್ಷಿತ - 85 ಪಾಂಡವರು ಹಸ್ತಿನಾವತಿಗೆ ತೆರಳುವರೆ? (Vyaasa Vikshita - 85 Pandavaru Hastinavatige Teraluvare?)
|-
| '''Category'''
| आन्वीक्षिकी विभाग / Vedic Philosophical and Cognitive Sciences
|-
| '''Publication'''
| Bharatiya Jñāna Sarita
|-
| '''Location'''
| India
|-
| '''Date'''
| Sun Apr 28 2024
|}

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<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಲೇಖಕರು :</span>[https://[[Articles|articles]].ayvm.in/2019/02/dr-k-s-kannan-profile.html <span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline"> ಪ್ರೊ.</span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(136,136,136);font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline"> ಕೆ. ಎಸ್. ಕಣ್ಣನ್</span>] '''ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯಿಸಿರಿ ([mailto:lekhana@ayvm.in lekhana@ayvm.in])'''

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<span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಧೃತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರನ ಸೂಚನೆಯಂತೆ ವಿದುರನು ದ್ರುಪದನಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಬಂದು, ಮಾತೃ-ಪತ್ನೀಸಮೇತರಾಗಿ ಪಾಂಡವರು ಹಸ್ತಿನಾವತಿಗೆ ಬರಬೇಕೆಂಬ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆಯನ್ನು ಸಲ್ಲಿಸುತ್ತಾ ಹೀಗೆಂದನು:</span> <span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">"ಈ ನರಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠರೂ (ಎಂದರೆ ಪಾಂಡವರೂ) ಸಹ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲವೇ ಪರದೇಶವಾಸವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುವುದಾಗಿದೆ: ನಗರವನ್ನು ಕಾಣಲು ಅವರೂ ಉತ್ಸುಕರಾಗಿಯೇ ಇರುವರಲ್ಲವೆ? ಅಂತೆಯೇ ದ್ರೌಪದಿಯೂ ಸಹ. ಅತ್ತ, ಪಾಂಚಾಲರಾಜಕುಮಾರಿಯಾದ ಕೃಷ್ಣೆಯನ್ನು ಕಾಣಲು ಕುರುವಂಶದ ನಾರಿಯರೆಲ್ಲರೂ ಕುತುಕವುಳ್ಳವರಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ನಮ್ಮ ನಗರ ಹಾಗೂ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರದ ಸಮಸ್ತಜನರೂ ಇವರೆಲ್ಲರ ಆಗಮನವನ್ನು ಎದುರುನೋಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ.</span> <span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನೀನು ಪಾಂಡುಪುತ್ರರಿಗೆ ಆದೇಶವನ್ನು ಕೊಡು – ಸಪತ್ನೀಕರಾಗಿ ಅವರು ಹಸ್ತಿನೆಗೆ ಹೊರಟುಬರುವುದಾಗಲಿ; ವಿಳಂಬ ಬೇಡ. ಈ ವಿಷಯದಲ್ಲಿ ನನಗೆ ಹೀಗೆ ತೋರುತ್ತದೆ. ಮಹಾತ್ಮರಾದ ಪಾಂಡವರಿಗೆ ಹೊರಟುಬರಲು ಆಜ್ಞೆಯನ್ನು ನೀನು ಯಾವಾಗ ಕೊಡುವೆಯೋ, ಆಗಲೇ ಶೀಘ್ರಗಾಮಿಗಳಾದ ದೂತರನ್ನು ಧೃತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರನಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ನಾನು ಕಳುಹಿಸುವೆ: ಕುಂತಿಯೂ ಕೌಂತೇಯರೂ ಕೃಷ್ಣೆಯೂ, ಹಸ್ತಿನಾಪುರಕ್ಕೆ ಆಗಮಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆಂಬ ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು ಕಳುಹಿಸಿಕೊಡುವೆ" – ಹೀಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದನು, ವಿದುರ.</span> <span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಆಗ ದ್ರುಪದನು ಹೇಳಿದನು: ಮಹಾಪ್ರಾಜ್ಞನಾದ ವಿದುರನೇ, ನೀನು ಹೇಳಿದುದೆಲ್ಲವೂ ಯುಕ್ತವೇ ಆಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಸಂಬಂಧವು ನೆರವೇರಿರುವುದು ನನಗೂ ಮಹಾಹರ್ಷವನ್ನೇ ಒದಗಿಸಿರುವುದು. ಮಹಾತ್ಮರಾದ ಈ ಪಾಂಡವರೂ ತಮ್ಮ ನಗರಕ್ಕೆ ಹಿಂದಿರುಗುವುದೂ ಯುಕ್ತವೇ ಆಗಿರುವಂತಹುದು. ಆದರೂ ಸಹ ನಾನು ನನ್ನ ಬಾಯಿಂದ ಹೊರಡಿರೆಂದು ಸೂಚಿಸುವುದು ಯುಕ್ತವಲ್ಲವಷ್ಟೆ. ಕುಂತೀಪುತ್ರನಾದ ವೀರಯುಧಿಷ್ಠಿರ, ಭೀಮಾರ್ಜುನರು, ಹಾಗೂ ನರಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠರಾದ ಅವಳಿಜವಳಿಗಳು (ನಕುಲ-ಸಹದೇವರು), ಹಾಗೂ ಧರ್ಮಜ್ಞರಾದ ರಾಮ-ಕೃಷ್ಣರು - ಇವರುಗಳಿಗೆ ತೋರಿದಾಗ ಹೊರಟುಬರಲಿ. ಪುರುಷವ್ಯಾಘ್ರರಾದ ಬಲರಾಮ-ಕೃಷ್ಣರಂತೂ ಪಾಂಡವರ ಪ್ರಿಯಹಿತಗಳಲ್ಲೇ ಸದಾ ತೊಡಗಿರುವವರು, ಎಷ್ಟಾದರೂ! - ಎಂದನು.</span> <span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಆಗ ಯುಧಿಷ್ಠಿರನು ಹೇಳಿದನು - "ನಾವೂ ನಮ್ಮ ಸಹಚರರೂ ತಮಗೇ ಅಧೀನರಾಗಿದ್ದೇವೆ." ಆಗ ವಾಸುದೇವನು, "ಇವರುಗಳು ಹೊರಡುವುದೇ ನನಗೆ ಸರಿದೋರುತ್ತದೆ. ಸರ್ವಧರ್ಮಗಳನ್ನೂ ಬಲ್ಲವನಾದ ದ್ರುಪದನು ಹೇಗೆ ಭಾವಿಸುತ್ತಾನೋ ಹಾಗೂ ಆಗಬಹುದು" – ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಿದನು.</span> <span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಅದಕ್ಕೆ ದ್ರುಪದನು ಹೇಳಿದನು - ವೀರವರನೂ ಪುರುಷೋತ್ತಮನೂ ಆದ ಶ್ರೀಕೃಷ್ಣನು ಏನನ್ನು ಮಾಡುವುದೀಗ ಯೋಗ್ಯವೆಂದು ಭಾವಿಸುತ್ತಾನೋ ನನಗೂ ಅದು ಸಂಮತವಾಗಿರುವುದೆಂಬುದರಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಶಯವಿಲ್ಲ. ಆದರಣೀಯರಾದ ಪಾಂಡವರು ನನಗೀಗ ಯಾವ ರೀತಿ ಆತ್ಮೀಯರೋ, ಅದೇ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿಯೇ ಕೃಷ್ಣನಿಗೂ ಆತ್ಮೀಯರೆಂಬುದರಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಶಯವಿಲ್ಲ. ಪಾಂಡವರ ವಿಷಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಅವರಿಗೆ ಶ್ರೇಯಸ್ಸು ಯಾವುದು ಎಂಬುದಾಗಿ ನರಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠನಾದ ಕೇಶವನು ಹೇಗೆ ಚಿಂತಿಸುತಾನೋ ಅಷ್ಟರಮಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಪಾಂಡುಪುತ್ರನಾದ ಯುಧಿಷ್ಠಿರನೇ ಚಿಂತಿಸಲಾರ! (ಶ್ರೇಯೋ ಧ್ಯಾಯತಿ ಕೇಶವಃ) - ಎಂದನು.</span> <span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">ಬಳಿಕ ವಿದುರನು ಕುಂತೀಸದನವನ್ನು ಪ್ರವೇಶಿಸಿದನು ಅವಳ ಪದವನ್ನು ಸ್ಪರ್ಶಿಸಿದನು. ಶಿರಸಾ ಬಾಗಿದನು. ಕುಂತಿಗೆ ದುಃಖವುಕ್ಕಿತು. ಆಕೆ ಹೇಳಿದಳು: ವಿದುರಾ, ಪಾಂಡವರು ನಿನ್ನ ಮಕ್ಕಳೇ ಸರಿ. ನಿನ್ನ ಅನುಗ್ರಹದಿಂದಲ್ಲವೆ, ಅರಗಿನ ಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ ಅವರು ಬದುಕಿಬಂದಿರುವುದು? ದೂರದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ತನ್ನ ಮರಿಗಳನ್ನು ಕುರಿತಾಗಿ ಆಮೆಯು ಚಿಂತಿಸುವುದಂತೆ; ಅಷ್ಟರಿಂದಲೇ ಅವು ಬೆಳೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುವುವಂತೆ, ಕೂಡ! ಇಲ್ಲಾದದ್ದೂ ಹಾಗೆಯೇ. ಪ್ರಾಣಾಂತಿಕವಾದ (ಎಂದರೆ ಜೀವವನ್ನೇ ಕೊನೆಗಾಣಿಸುವ) ಹಲವು ದುಃಖಗಳು ಬಂದೊದದಿದವು. ಅದರೂ ನನ್ನ ಮಕ್ಕಳು ಸುರಕ್ಷಿತರಾಗಿಯೇ ಇದ್ದಾರೆ - ಎಂದು ಮುಂತಾಗಿ ಹಲುಬಿದಳು.</span> <span style="font-size:13.2px;font-family:calibri;font-weight:700">ಸೂಚನೆ : 28</span><span style="font-size:13.2px;font-family:calibri;font-weight:700">/4/2024 ರಂದು ಈ ಲೇಖನವು </span>[https://epaper.hosadigantha.com/epaper/edition/8252/bengaluru/page/6 ಹೊಸದಿಗಂತ]<span style="font-size:13.2px;font-weight:700;font-family:arial"> </span><span style="font-size:13.2px;font-weight:700;font-family:arial">ಪತ್ರಿಕೆಯ</span><span style="font-size:13.2px;font-family:calibri;font-weight:700">ಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾಗಿದೆ.</span>

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ಅಷ್ಟಾಕ್ಷರೀ​ - 57 ಏಕಂ ದುಃಖಂ ಸುಖಂ ಚ ನೌ (Astaksari 57 Ekam Duhkham Sukham Ca Nau)

ವ್ಯಾಸ ವೀಕ್ಷಿತ - 85 ಪಾಂಡವರು ಹಸ್ತಿನಾವತಿಗೆ ತೆರಳುವರೆ? (Vyaasa Vikshita - 85 Pandavaru Hastinavatige Teraluvare?)

ಅಷ್ಟಾಕ್ಷರೀ - 57 ಏಕಂ ದುಃಖಂ ಸುಖಂ ಚ ನೌ (Astaksari 57 Ekam Duhkham Sukham Ca Nau)